The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. KM was supported by The Robert D Watkins Graduate Research Fellowship provided by the American Society of Microbiology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All data are contained within the paper.įunding: These studies were financially supported by research grants from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, RO1 AI47089 (NK) and RO3 AI111138 (GB). Received: SeptemAccepted: JPublished: July 20, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Cao et al. PLoS ONE 11(7):Įditor: Takafumi Tsuboi, Ehime University, JAPAN falciparum and Cross–Boosting of Immune Responses. These studies may have significant implications for immunity targeting transmission of both the species of malaria parasites.Ĭitation: Cao Y, Bansal GP, Merino K, Kumar N (2016) Immunological Cross-Reactivity between Malaria Vaccine Target Antigen P48/45 in Plasmodium vivax and P. Additionally we also noticed an effect of adjuvants in the overall magnitude of observed cross-reactivity. In cross-boosting experiments Pfs48/45 and Pvs48/45 antigens were able to cross-boost each other in mouse immunization studies.
#Immunological cross reactivity definition full
Our studies revealed that Pvs48/45-immune sera showed strong cross-reactivity to full length Pfs48/45 protein, and the majority of this cross reactivity was in the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal sub-fragments of Pfs48/45. Mice were immunized with purified recombinant proteins using CFA, Montanide ISA-51 and alum as adjuvants, and the sera were analyzed by ELISA, Western blotting and indirect fixed and live IFA to address the hypothesis. Having succeeded in expressing recombinant Pfs48/45 and Pvs48/45 proteins, we hypothesized that these proteins will not only exhibit immunological cross–reactivity but also cross-boost immune responses. Comparison of their sequences reveals 61% and 55% identity at the DNA and protein level, respectively raising the possibility that these two target antigens might share cross-reacting epitopes. Pfs48/45 and Pvs48/45 are well established targets in the sexual stages of the malaria parasites, and are being pursued for the development of transmission blocking vaccines. It is therefore believed that species-specific immunity may be needed to target different species of Plasmodium. falciparum, both of which are responsible for >90% of human malaria, and co-endemic in many countries. In general, malaria immunity has been suggested to be species specific with very little, if any, known cross-reactivity between Plasmodium vivax and P.
0 kommentar(er)
